Cardiac output is a representation of the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (beats per minute) by the stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction).
So, the correct answer to the question is:
Heart rate x stroke volume
This formula represents the relationship between the number of heartbeats per minute and the volume of blood pumped by the heart with each beat, providing a comprehensive measure of the heart's efficiency in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.
