The correct answer to the question is:
4. methane and carbon dioxide
Here's why:
1. **Methane:** It is a greenhouse gas that is released during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas. Livestock and other agricultural practices also contribute to methane emissions. Methane is more potent than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.
2. **Carbon Dioxide (CO2):** It is the most common greenhouse gas emitted by human activities such as burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. Deforestation also plays a role in increasing carbon dioxide levels. CO2 remains in the atmosphere for a long time and contributes significantly to global warming by trapping heat.
Both methane and carbon dioxide contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing and trapping infrared radiation in the atmosphere. This leads to an increase in global temperatures, causing climate change and associated impacts on the environment and ecosystems.
