The professional soldiers were called knights.
The castle and surrounding farmland were typically called a manor.
The manor was owned by a lord or noble.
The vassals swore allegiance to the lord or noble who owned the manor.
Answer:
During the medieval period:
1. Professional soldiers: Professional soldiers during the medieval period were often called knights. They were trained warriors who served under feudal lords or kings, typically receiving land (fiefs) in exchange for their military service and loyalty.
2. Castle and surrounding farmland: The castle and the surrounding farmland were typically referred to as a manor. The manor was the center of a feudal estate and served as the residence of the lord and his family. It often included not only the castle but also villages, farms, and other agricultural land worked by peasants.
3. Owner of the manor: The owner of the manor was the feudal lord, who held authority over the land and its inhabitants. This lord could be a noble, such as a baron or a duke, or even a king in the case of royal manors.
4. Allegiance of vassals: Vassals, who were typically knights or other landholding individuals, swore allegiance to their feudal lord. This allegiance was formalized through a ceremony known as homage, during which the vassal pledged loyalty and military service to the lord in exchange for land and protection.