The segments of DNA that code for specific traits are called genes. Genes are units of heredity that are passed from parents to offspring and contain the instructions for building proteins, which ultimately determine various traits such as eye color, hair texture, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Here's a breakdown of why genes are important in coding for specific traits:
1. Genes are made up of DNA sequences that provide instructions for making proteins.
2. Proteins are essential molecules in the body that carry out various functions and determine the characteristics of an organism.
3. Different genes code for different traits, and variations in genes can lead to variations in traits among individuals.
4. For example, a gene responsible for coding the production of melanin determines skin color. Variations in this gene can result in different skin tones among people.
Therefore, genes play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and traits of an organism by providing the necessary instructions for protein synthesis, which ultimately influences an individual's phenotype.
