Given the atoms 14x; 15y, let's evaluate the statements:
a) They are isotones: This statement is incorrect. Isotones are atoms with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers.
b) "x" has one less proton than "y": This statement is correct. Since "x" has 14 protons and "y" has 15 protons, "x" has one less proton than "y."
c) xe y2- are isoelectronic: This statement is incorrect. Isoelectronic species have the same number of electrons, but in this case, xe y2- have different numbers of electrons.
d) x³- has 10 electrons: This statement is incorrect. If "x" carries a charge of -3, it means it has gained 3 electrons, so the total number of electrons would be 14 (original) + 3 (gained) = 17 electrons.
e) If they are neutral, they present 15 electrons in total: This statement is correct. If the atoms are neutral, "x" with 14 electrons and "y" with 15 electrons would indeed add up to 29 electrons in total.
In conclusion, statements (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect, while statements (b) and (e) are correct.
