The segment of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity is called a gene. Genes are specific sequences of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA) that contain instructions for producing proteins, which are essential for various functions in the body.
1. Each gene carries information that determines a particular trait or characteristic, such as eye color, blood type, or height.
2. Genes are passed down from parents to offspring through the process of inheritance.
3. Mutations or changes in genes can lead to variations in traits and may result in genetic disorders.
4. Humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in their DNA, which collectively make up the genome.
In summary, genes are the fundamental units of heredity that play a crucial role in determining an organism's traits and characteristics.
