In the scenario described during a presidential debate, Fran exhibited a failure to listen for total meaning. Listening for total meaning involves understanding the complete message being conveyed, which includes considering both sides of an argument or discussion. Fran's behavior of agreeing with everything said by her political party's candidate and disagreeing with every point made by the opposing party's candidate indicates a biased approach that overlooks the totality of the discussion.
By only focusing on aligning with her party's candidate and dismissing the opposing party's viewpoints without considering their validity or merit, Fran missed the opportunity to engage in critical thinking and truly comprehend the full spectrum of opinions presented during the debate.
Therefore, the best answer choice from the provided options is "b. for total meaning," as Fran's failure to listen with an open mind and consider all perspectives exemplifies a lack of listening for total meaning. This response highlights the importance of active and comprehensive listening skills in effectively engaging with differing viewpoints and promoting constructive dialogue.
