The structure of Congress extends the idea of "separation of powers" within the Legislative Branch itself by giving the House of Representatives and the Senate different powers. This division of powers between the two chambers of Congress helps ensure a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch.
Here's how this works:
1. The House of Representatives:
- The House has the power to initiate revenue bills.
- It has the authority to impeach federal officials, including the President.
- Members of the House serve two-year terms, representing the people of their districts.
2. The Senate:
- The Senate has the power to approve treaties and confirm presidential appointments, including Supreme Court justices.
- It conducts trials for impeachment, with a two-thirds majority vote required for conviction.
- Senators serve six-year terms, providing continuity and a longer-term perspective in decision-making.
By giving each chamber different responsibilities and powers, Congress ensures that no single body becomes too powerful. This separation of powers within the Legislative Branch promotes accountability, prevents the concentration of authority, and reflects the principle of checks and balances inherent in the U.S. Constitution.
