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4.1 Effects of climate change that negatively impact food production in Africa:
1. Changes in rainfall patterns leading to droughts or floods.
2. Increased temperatures affecting crop yields and livestock health.
3. Spread of pests and diseases impacting agricultural productivity.
4. Soil degradation due to erosion or salinization.
5. Decline in freshwater availability for irrigation.
6. Disruption of traditional farming practices due to extreme weather events.
4.2 How these conditions affect people's health:
- Droughts and floods can cause food shortages, malnutrition, and hunger.
- Increased temperatures can lead to heat stress and heat-related illnesses.
- Spread of diseases by pests can affect both crops and human health.
- Soil degradation can reduce crop nutrient content and affect food quality.
- Water scarcity can result in sanitation issues and waterborne diseases.
- Disruption of farming practices can lead to economic hardships and food insecurity.
Overall, the negative effects of climate change on food production in Africa have direct consequences on people's health by impacting food availability, quality, and nutritional value, leading to a range of health issues and challenges.
