1.Industrial Capacity: The Union had a significant advantage in industrial capacity over the Confederacy. Northern states were more industrialized and had a larger manufacturing base, allowing them to produce weapons, ammunition, uniforms, and other supplies at a much higher rate than the Confederacy. This industrial advantage provided the Union with greater resources and firepower to sustain the war effort over the long term.
2. Naval Superiority: The Union Navy played a crucial role in the outcome of the Civil War. The Union Navy established a blockade of Confederate ports early in the war, effectively cutting off the South from international trade and preventing the Confederacy from receiving essential supplies and support. Additionally, Union naval forces controlled key waterways such as the Mississippi River, dividing the Confederacy and disrupting its transportation networks. Naval superiority allowed the Union to exert economic pressure on the Confederacy and gain strategic advantages in military campaigns.