The major event being described in the question is the Cuban Missile Crisis. Here's a breakdown of how each effect aligns with this historical event:
1. The US had planned to invade Cuba, but it was cancelled: During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States considered military action against Cuba in response to the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles on the island. The invasion plans were ultimately called off to prevent escalation.
2. Fidel Castro declared himself a Marxist: Fidel Castro, the leader of Cuba, openly embraced Marxism and aligned with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis, which heightened tensions with the United States.
3. The US removed nuclear bombs in Italy and Turkey: As part of a secret agreement during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the US agreed to remove its nuclear missiles from Italy and Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing its missiles from Cuba, helping to defuse the crisis.
4. US and USSR later realized this event was the closest to world annihilation: The Cuban Missile Crisis is widely regarded as the closest the world has come to a nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, with both sides recognizing the potential catastrophic consequences of their actions.
5. Leaders learned to problem solve with words and diplomacy: Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders from both the US and USSR recognized the importance of communication and negotiation to prevent future conflicts, highlighting the significance of resolving disputes through diplomatic means rather than military actions.
In conclusion, the effects listed in the question point towards the Cuban Missile Crisis as the major event in question, showcasing the significant impact it had on international relations and the subsequent diplomatic lessons learned from the crisis.
