Suppose that Lyle Ott, a co-worker of yours, claims to be a close friend of the great celebrity, Rich Andphaymis. Which of the following would provide a question-begging or circular argument in support of the claim?

a.Assume that Ott is friends with Andphaymis. Of course, if he is then he couldn't not be friends with Anphaymis. So you can conclude that Ott is friends with Andphaymis.
b.Check Lyle's social media networks to see if Rich Andphaymis is connected. If someone with that name is connected with Lyle, this will be solid confirmation because if Lyle were friends with Andphaymis then we would expect someone with that name to be connected with Lyle.
c.Ask Lyle to produce several pictures of him together with Andphaymis. If he can then this would be a good test because friends usually have pictures together and non-friends don't typically have multiple pictures with the same celebrity.
d.Ask your co-workers whether they have reason to think that Rich Andphaymis is NOT friends with Lyle. If they have no evidence that he isn't then that is good evidence that he is.



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