In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, several conditions must be met. One of these conditions is:
B. The population must be infinitely large.
This condition is necessary because in small populations, genetic drift (random changes in allele frequencies) can have a significant impact and lead to deviations from the predicted frequencies in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
Therefore, for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold true, it is assumed that the population is very large (infinitely large in theory) so that random genetic drift is minimized, and the allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.
