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The correct answer to the question is:
a. framing
Explanation:
1. Framing refers to the way media outlets, politicians, or other communicators present information to shape public opinion on certain topics.
2. By framing an issue or a politician in a particular way, media can influence how the audience perceives them and their policies.
3. For example, portraying a politician as a strong leader can enhance support for them, while painting them in a negative light can diminish support.
4. Therefore, affecting public perceptions by presenting information in specific ways falls under the concept of framing.