Answer: In Holstein cattle the spotting of the coat is due to a recessive gene, while a solid colored coat is dominant. The biology of red coat color in Holsteins involves multiple genes with multiple mutations within the same gene and a phenotype that is prone to recording errors. In Holsteins, there are three common coat colors Dominant Black, Black/Red and Red associated with the gene melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R).
Explanation:For cattle, having horns is a recessive trait (p) and the animal will only have horns if the gene of the offspring has two recessive alleles (pp). Polled is a dominant trait (P) and the offspring will be genetically polled anytime the gene has the dominant allele in the pair (PP) or (Pp).