The shift from Old English to Middle English occurred when French conquerors from Normandy invaded England in 1066 AD. This event is known as the Norman Conquest, led by William the Conqueror.
Here's a breakdown of why this event marks the shift in the English language:
1. **Norman Conquest**: In 1066 AD, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invaded England and defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. This led to Norman rule in England.
2. **Language Influence**: The Normans spoke Old Norman, a variety of Old French. Their rule brought about a significant influence on the English language. Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Old Norman merged, leading to the development of Middle English.
3. **Vocabulary Changes**: As a result of the Norman Conquest, a large number of French words entered the English language. This influence transformed English vocabulary, adding words related to government, law, art, literature, and more.
4. **Literary Impact**: The shift to Middle English also influenced literature. Notable works like Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" were written in Middle English, reflecting the linguistic changes of the time.
Overall, the Norman Conquest in 1066 AD was a pivotal moment that marked the transition from Old English to Middle English, shaping the language we recognize today.
