To reduce the adjective clauses in the sentences provided, you need to modify them to make them more concise without changing the original meaning. Here are the revised sentences:
1. Observation is an act of noting details, including the recording of facts and descriptions.
2. Litotes is a literary device, also known as ironical understatement, that pertains to a careful way of saying something unpleasant without directly using negativity.
3. A monograph is a detailed book, scholarly written, dealing with a topic of interest in a specialized area of knowledge.
4. Brochure is an informative pamphlet used to advertise or endorse a product.
5. A noun is a word class that names a person, place, quality, or thing.
These revisions maintain the original meaning while simplifying the sentences by reducing the adjective clauses.
