1. False. Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin actually resulted in an increase in the demand for slaves in the South, not an increase in the number of slaves. The invention of the cotton gin made it easier and faster to separate cotton fibers from the seeds, leading to a boom in cotton production. This increased demand for cotton led to a greater need for labor, particularly slave labor, to work on cotton plantations. While the cotton gin made processing cotton more efficient, it ultimately reinforced and expanded the institution of slavery in the Southern United States.
2. A person who guided runaways from one place to the next was called a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century. Conductors were individuals, both free and enslaved, who helped guide escaped slaves from the South to freedom in the North or in Canada. They played a crucial role in assisting fugitive slaves on their journey to escape the harsh conditions of slavery and seek liberty.
