Answer :
The correct answer to the question is:
The Kyoto Protocol committed developed countries and emerging market economies to reduce their overall emissions of six greenhouse gases by at least 5% below 1990 levels over the period between 2008 and 2012.
Explanation:
1. The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
2. One of the key provisions of the Kyoto Protocol was the establishment of binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European Community to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
3. The targets set under the Kyoto Protocol aimed to collectively reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
4. The commitment for these countries was to achieve an average reduction of at least 5% below 1990 levels of greenhouse gas emissions over the first commitment period from 2008 to 2012.
5. By establishing legally binding emission reduction targets, the Kyoto Protocol aimed to address global climate change and promote sustainable development by encouraging countries to adopt measures to limit and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
Therefore, in the context of the question, it was the Kyoto Protocol that obligated developed countries and emerging market economies to lower their overall emissions of six greenhouse gases by at least 5% below 1990 levels during the period between 2008 and 2012.
