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In the context of compilers, the Machine Independent phases are those stages that are not tied to a specific machine or architecture. Let's analyze the options provided:
A. Syntax Analysis:
- Syntax analysis, also known as parsing, checks the syntax of the source code to ensure it follows the rules of the programming language's grammar.
- This phase is machine independent as it focuses on the structure and correctness of the code irrespective of the target machine.
B. Intermediate Code generation:
- Intermediate code generation is a phase where an intermediate representation of the source code is created.
- This phase is also machine independent as it prepares a code that is closer to the source code rather than the target machine's architecture.
C. Lexical Analysis:
- Lexical analysis is the phase where the source code is converted into tokens for further processing.
- This phase is considered machine independent as it deals with the basic units of the language without being tied to a specific machine.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. All of the mentioned options (A, B, and C) are Machine Independent phases of the compiler. Each of these phases focuses on aspects of the code that are not specific to a particular machine, making them crucial in the initial processing of source code before generating machine-specific code.
