The energy that is used to power active transport is primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. Here's how it works:
1. Active transport is a process in which cells move molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, meaning from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
2. This process requires energy to overcome this concentration difference, and ATP provides this energy. When ATP is hydrolyzed (broken down) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate, energy is released that is used to drive the active transport process.
3. ATP is generated through cellular respiration, a series of metabolic reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. Glucose and other nutrients are broken down to produce ATP, which is then utilized to power various cellular processes, including active transport.
In summary, ATP is the energy source that powers active transport by providing the necessary energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the cell membrane.
