Answer :
The theory that bases ethics on the values of justice and fairness is:
**Contractarianism**
Contractarianism is a moral and political theory that suggests ethical principles are based on an implicit agreement or social contract among individuals. In this theory, people come together and agree on a set of rules and principles that promote justice, fairness, and mutual benefit.
**Key points of Contractarianism:**
1. Individuals in society agree to follow certain rules and norms to ensure fairness and justice for all.
2. Ethical principles are derived from the idea of mutual agreement or social contract.
3. Emphasizes the importance of consent and cooperation in establishing ethical norms.
4. Aims to create a just and fair society through voluntary agreements among individuals.
Contractarianism is often associated with philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who explored the idea of social contracts and the formation of ethical principles through mutual consent and agreement.
