The correct answer to the question is:
1. Composting
Explanation:
Composting is the process of using bacteria to decompose organic materials, such as food scraps, yard waste, and other biodegradable items, into humus. Humus is a nutrient-rich material that improves soil quality by adding organic matter and enhancing its fertility. During composting, bacteria break down the organic matter into simpler compounds through decomposition, turning it into a dark, crumbly substance known as humus. This humus can then be used as a natural fertilizer to enrich the soil and promote plant growth. Composting is an environmentally friendly way to recycle organic waste and create a valuable resource for gardening and agriculture.
