In the context of the question "Which of these artifacts is the oldest?" we can analyze the options provided:
A. The Altamira cave paintings
B. The Lascaux cave paintings
C. The Great Pyramid of Giza
D. The Fayum mummy portraits
1. The Altamira cave paintings: These paintings are located in Spain and are estimated to date back to around 14,000 to 20,000 years ago. They are known for their vivid depictions of animals.
2. The Lascaux cave paintings: These cave paintings are situated in France and are believed to be around 17,000 years old. They are famous for their detailed representations of animals like horses and bulls.
3. The Great Pyramid of Giza: Constructed in Egypt, the Great Pyramid is one of the oldest and largest pyramids in the world. It was built around 2580–2560 BC, making it over 4,500 years old.
4. The Fayum mummy portraits: These portraits are from Egypt and are considered to be from the Roman period, around the 1st century AD. They are unique because they were attached to mummies and depict individuals in a realistic style.
Based on the provided options, the oldest artifact among them is the Great Pyramid of Giza, as it predates the Altamira and Lascaux cave paintings and the Fayum mummy portraits by thousands of years. The Great Pyramid's construction during the ancient Egyptian era makes it significantly older than the other artifacts listed.
