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1. **Meteorological Drought**: This type of drought occurs when there's a prolonged period of below-average precipitation. It's essentially a lack of rainfall over an extended period, leading to dry conditions.
2. **Hydrological Drought**: Hydrological drought is characterized by low water levels in rivers, lakes, and groundwater sources due to prolonged dry weather. It's the impact of reduced precipitation on the availability of water resources.
3. **Agricultural Drought**: Agricultural drought occurs when there's a lack of moisture in the soil, which affects crop growth and agricultural productivity. It's often the result of prolonged periods of low rainfall combined with high temperatures and evaporation rates.
4. **Socioeconomic Drought**: Socioeconomic drought is related to the impact of water shortages on human activities, particularly on water-dependent sectors like agriculture, industry, and urban water supply. It's about how water scarcity affects society and the economy.
5. **Ecological Drought**: Ecological drought occurs when ecosystems face water stress, leading to reduced habitat quality, loss of biodiversity, and disruptions to ecological processes. It's the impact of water scarcity on natural environments and the organisms that inhabit them.
Each type of drought has its own characteristics and impacts, and they often interact with each other. For example, a prolonged period of meteorological drought can lead to hydrological drought as water sources dry up, which in turn can cause agricultural and socioeconomic droughts as crops fail and water supplies diminish.
