To summarize how a change in pressure, temperature, and concentration affects a shift in equilibrium, let's break it down step by step:
1. **Change in Pressure**:
- If the pressure increases, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer gas molecules to decrease the pressure.
- If the pressure decreases, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more gas molecules to increase the pressure.
2. **Change in Temperature**:
- If the temperature increases, the equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction to absorb the added heat.
- If the temperature decreases, the equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction to produce more heat.
3. **Change in Concentration**:
- If the concentration of reactants increases, the equilibrium will shift towards the products to relieve the stress.
- If the concentration of products increases, the equilibrium will shift towards the reactants to restore balance.
Understanding these principles will help you predict how changes in pressure, temperature, and concentration impact the equilibrium of a reaction.
