A court deems an agreement between Bates Hospital and Jones Pharmacy to be a per se violation of the Sherman Act. T

a. required to issue a formal complaint against Silver Saddles and Time Tested Tack.
b. required to apply the rule of reason.
c. prevented from determining whether the agreement's benefits outweigh its anticompetitive effects.
d. required to unanimously decide whether the agreement's benefits outweigh its anticompetitive effects.