The correct answer is A. fundamental attribution error.
Explanation:
1. Fundamental Attribution Error: This refers to the tendency to attribute an individual's behavior to internal or personal characteristics while overlooking the impact of external factors such as the situation or environment. For example, if someone fails a test, instead of considering external factors like a difficult test or distractions, attributing the failure solely to the person's lack of intelligence is an example of the fundamental attribution error.
2. Self-Serving Bias: This bias involves attributing positive outcomes to internal factors (like ability) and negative outcomes to external factors (like luck). It's not the best fit for the scenario described in the question.
3. Defensive Attribution: This attribution involves blaming the victim in situations of misfortune to maintain a sense of security. It's not directly related to the scenario of overlooking external factors.
4. Empathy: Empathy refers to understanding and sharing the feelings of others. While empathy is essential in interpersonal relationships, it's not directly related to the concept described in the question.
In conclusion, the most fitting term for the described scenario is A. fundamental attribution error because it captures the essence of attributing behavior to internal characteristics while neglecting external influences.
