To determine the forms of protectionism in the given options, we need to identify measures that restrict free trade. Here are the correct answers:
1. Imposing tariffs: Tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods, making them more expensive for consumers and therefore discouraging their purchase in favor of domestic products.
2. Applying quotas: Quotas limit the quantity of a specific good that can be imported into a country, protecting domestic industries from foreign competition by restricting the amount of goods entering the market.
3. Dumping products: Dumping refers to the practice of selling goods in a foreign market at a price lower than their production cost or domestic price, which can harm local industries by undercutting prices and flooding the market with cheap goods.
These measures are examples of protectionist policies aimed at shielding domestic industries from foreign competition by imposing barriers to trade.
