The factors that influence energy balance are:
1. **Genetics and metabolism:** Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to a faster or slower metabolism, affecting how efficiently their bodies use energy from food.
2. **Food preferences and availability:** The types of foods a person chooses to eat and the availability of these foods can impact their energy balance. For example, consuming high-calorie, low-nutrient foods can lead to an imbalance in energy intake.
3. **Physical activity levels:** The amount of physical activity a person engages in plays a significant role in energy balance. Regular exercise can help burn calories and maintain a healthy energy balance.
Therefore, the correct answer is: All of the above. All these factors - genetics and metabolism, food preferences and availability, and physical activity levels - play a role in influencing energy balance. It's important to consider all these factors when trying to achieve a healthy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure.
