To find how many pencils it takes Country C to produce 1 notebook, you would use the concept of opportunity cost from economics, which reflects the idea of trade-offs.
Given that Country C can produce either 20 notebooks or 100 pencils, we can set up a ratio to compare the two quantities.
The ratio of pencils to notebooks is 100 pencils to 20 notebooks. In mathematical terms, this is expressed as 100 pencils / 20 notebooks.
In order to find out how many pencils are needed to produce one notebook, we can simplify this ratio by dividing the number of pencils by the number of notebooks, which gives us the pencils-per-notebook ratio:
100 pencils / 20 notebooks = 5 pencils / 1 notebook
Thus, it takes 5 pencils to produce 1 notebook in Country C.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
O d. 5 pencils
