The correct answer to the question is:
1. Reconstruction
During the period from 1865 to 1877, the process of reorganizing the governments of Confederate states and readmitting them to the Union was known as Reconstruction. This era followed the Civil War and aimed to address issues such as the status of former slaves, the rebuilding of the Southern states, and the reintegration of the seceded states back into the United States.
Reconstruction involved efforts to establish new governments in the Southern states, implement changes to society, and address the aftermath of slavery. It also led to the passage of important amendments to the U.S. Constitution, such as the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, the 14th Amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law, and the 15th Amendment granting voting rights regardless of race.
Reconstruction faced challenges such as resistance from Southern whites, the rise of organizations like the Ku Klux Klan, and political disagreements over the best approach to rebuilding the South. Despite its goals of promoting equality and rebuilding the nation, Reconstruction ultimately ended in 1877 with the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the rise of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation.
