Sure, I'll provide clear and concise answers to each part of the question.
1. Two food materials which contain a lot of water are:
- Cucumber: It contains about 95% water, making it a hydrating vegetable.
- Watermelon: This fruit is made up of approximately 92% water, providing both hydration and nutrients.
2. In addition to calcium, the mineral needed for building bones and teeth is phosphorus. Phosphorus works alongside calcium to form strong bones and teeth.
3. Carbohydrates are needed in our diet because they are the body's main source of energy. Carbs are broken down into glucose, which fuels our cells and provides energy for daily activities and bodily functions.
4. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver for later use.
Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B vitamins (such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12). These vitamins are not stored in the body and are eliminated through urine if taken in excess.
5. The nutrient whose deficiency causes kwashiorkor in children is protein. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a lack of protein intake, leading to symptoms like swelling, skin changes, and impaired growth.
6. Two diseases caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet are:
- Goiter: Iodine deficiency can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing a visible swelling in the neck known as a goiter.
- Hypothyroidism: Inadequate iodine intake can result in an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold sensitivity due to low thyroid hormone levels.
