The correct answer to the question is:
B) Ecological succession
Explanation:
1. Ecological succession refers to the gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community over time.
2. It can occur after a disturbance (like a fire or flood) or in an area where no community previously existed, such as on bare rock.
3. The process of ecological succession can be categorized into primary succession (starting from a barren landscape) and secondary succession (starting from a disturbed but still inhabited area).
4. As the community goes through different stages of succession, there is a progression in the types of species present, with early colonizers being replaced by more complex species that can outcompete them.
5. This gradual change in the community's structure and composition over time is a fundamental concept in ecology and helps us understand how ecosystems develop and change.
