The correct answer to the question is:
d) African farmers mobilized much of the population against foreign companies and saw the power of mass protest.
Explanation:
1. The "cocoa holdups" were incidents where African farmers organized protests against foreign companies that were exploiting them or their resources, such as in the cocoa industry.
2. These protests showcased the power of mass mobilization and collective action among African farmers, highlighting the potential for unity and strength in numbers.
3. Through these movements, African farmers and local communities realized the importance of standing together against external forces and the need for solidarity in resisting exploitation.
4. The experiences of organizing and participating in these protests helped foster a sense of nationalism among Africans, as they worked towards common goals and fought against injustices imposed by foreign powers.
By mobilizing populations and demonstrating the effectiveness of mass protest, the "cocoa holdups" played a significant role in promoting African nationalism and unity against external forces.
