In Lazarus' poem where she brings the Statue of Liberty to life, she is using the figure of speech called Personification. Personification is when human characteristics are attributed to non-human things or animals.
In this case, by bringing the Statue of Liberty to life, Lazarus is giving human qualities to the statue, making it seem as though the statue is capable of coming alive and embodying human characteristics such as feelings, actions, or speech.
By choosing Personification as the figure of speech, Lazarus enhances the emotional impact of her poem by making the Statue of Liberty a more relatable and vivid character in the reader's mind.
