Which of the following best describes how energy from the sun warms our atmosphere?
a) The sun emits shortwave energy, which is absorbed by all the gases in the atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect.
b) Shortwave energy from the sun is absorbed by the earth's surface, which then emits longwave energy, warming the atmosphere.
c) The sun emits longwave energy, which is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, heating it up.
d) Shortwave energy from the sun is directly converted into heat energy in the atmosphere, causing it to warm up.