Brown v. Board of Education established that separate schools for black and white students were illegal. This landmark Supreme Court case, decided in 1954, declared that segregation in public schools based on race was unconstitutional. The ruling overturned the previous doctrine of "separate but equal" established in Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision in Brown v. Board of Education was a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, as it laid the groundwork for desegregation in schools and other public institutions. It was a significant step towards achieving equality and ending racial discrimination in education.