Which of the following statements describes a Primary Deviant?

a) the primary deviant reacts to labeling by becoming a career deviant who persists in deviant behavior
b) the primary deviant reacts to labeling by avoiding respectable law-abiding people
c) primary deviants do not develop a deviant identity; instead they retain a conformist self-concept
d) primary deviants react to labeling by acknowledging their deviance to themselves (self-labeling)