Water found on Earth's surface cannot be used directly for several reasons:
1. Contamination: Surface water is often exposed to pollution from various sources such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and human activities, making it unsafe for direct consumption without treatment.
2. Accessibility: Not all surface water is easily accessible for human use. Some water sources may be located in remote areas or have limited infrastructure for extraction and distribution.
3. Quality: The quality of surface water may vary significantly depending on its location and surrounding environment. Water with high salinity levels, for example, is not suitable for drinking or irrigation without proper treatment.
4. Quantity: While Earth's surface is covered with water, a large portion of it is saltwater in oceans, making it unsuitable for direct consumption or irrigation without desalination processes.
5. Regulation: There are legal and environmental regulations in place to protect water sources. Using water directly from surface bodies without proper permits or adhering to regulations can have negative consequences on ecosystems and communities.
To address these challenges, water treatment facilities are used to purify water from surface sources, making it safe for consumption and other uses. Additionally, sustainable water management practices aim to protect water sources and ensure equitable access to clean water for all.
