Answer :
Common human rights violations that can occur during the voting process include:
1. **Voter Suppression**: Intentional efforts to prevent certain groups of people from exercising their right to vote, such as through discriminatory voter identification laws, voter purges, or polling place closures in marginalized communities.
2. **Intimidation and Coercion**: Instances where voters are threatened, harassed, or coerced into voting a certain way or abstaining from voting altogether, often through tactics such as physical intimidation, verbal abuse, or misinformation campaigns.
3. **Ballot Tampering and Fraud**: Manipulation of the voting process, including tampering with ballots, falsifying election results, or engaging in vote-buying schemes, which undermine the integrity of the electoral process and violate the right to free and fair elections.
4. **Disenfranchisement of Vulnerable Groups**: Systemic barriers that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, such as racial minorities, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, or those living in poverty, by denying them equal access to the voting process or adequate representation.
5. **Limited Access to Information**: Inadequate provision of accurate and impartial information about candidates, electoral procedures, or polling locations, which can hinder voters' ability to make informed decisions and participate effectively in the electoral process.
6. **Obstruction of Observers and Monitors**: Restrictions on the presence of independent observers, journalists, or international monitors during elections, preventing them from monitoring and reporting on potential irregularities or human rights violations.
7. **Violence and Civil Unrest**: Instances of violence, intimidation, or civil unrest before, during, or after elections, which can deter voters from participating in the electoral process and undermine public trust in democratic institutions.
Addressing these human rights violations requires robust legal frameworks, effective enforcement mechanisms, and international oversight to ensure that elections are conducted freely, fairly, and transparently, and that every individual's right to vote is protected and upheld.
