Directional, disruptive, and stabilizing selection are three types of selection that impact genetic variance in populations.
Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored, shifting the distribution towards that extreme. An example is the increase in beak size observed in Galápagos finches during a drought.
Disruptive selection selects for two or more distinct phenotypes, with intermediate phenotypes being less fit. This type of selection can lead to the emergence of two different populations.
Stabilizing selection favors the average phenotype by selecting against extreme variations, maintaining the status quo within a population.
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