Penicillin works by selectively killing bacteria without harming the human body, aiding in the treatment of bacterial infections. The development of resistance by bacteria underscores the ongoing need for new antibiotics to combat evolving strains.
Penicillin was the first developed antibiotic that had to kill the bacteria without harming the sick human to work effectively. It targets the bacterial cell wall synthesis, which is a key component of the bacterial cell that human cells do not have, leading to its selective action against bacteria.
Penicillin works by inhibiting the formation of the bacterial cell wall, causing the bacteria to burst due to osmotic pressure differences, ultimately leading to their death. This mechanism of action helps in treating bacterial infections while preserving the health of the infected individual.
Over time, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics like penicillin through various mechanisms such as enzymatic inactivation or changes in their cell wall structure. This necessitates the continual search for new antibiotics to combat emerging resistant strains.
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