Primary succession starts on bare rock with pioneer species, while secondary succession begins in disturbed areas with existing soil.
Primary succession occurs on newly exposed or formed rock, while secondary succession starts from previously existing soil. In primary succession, pioneer species like lichens and plants colonize the barren landscape, eventually creating soil for other species to grow. On the other hand, in secondary succession, disturbances like fire or human activities lead to faster regrowth as soil is already present.
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