Protons experience changes in potential and kinetic energy as they move in response to electric and magnetic forces. The presence of an electric field can influence the direction of proton movement without altering its speed.
When a proton moves from a region of high electric potential to a region of lower electric potential, its potential energy decreases, leading to an increase in its kinetic energy. Due to the magnetic force being perpendicular to its direction of travel, the proton undergoes circular motion but moves at a constant speed. In the presence of an electric field, protons can be steered without speeding up or slowing down.
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