Vilification is the primary marginalizing strategy for Middle Eastern ethnicities, leading to discrimination and exclusion.
Vilification is the most frequent marginalizing strategy used for people of Middle Eastern ethnicities. This involves portraying them negatively, often through stereotypes and misinformation, which can lead to discrimination and exclusion.
For example, media representations that demonize Middle Eastern individuals or political rhetoric that spreads fear and hatred towards them contribute to vilification as a marginalizing strategy.
Additionally, vilification can have harmful consequences on the targeted group's socio-economic opportunities and overall well-being.
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