Answer: Federal Power and National Supremacy
Justice Marshall was a strong advocate for a strong central government and the supremacy of federal law over state law. He believed that the Constitution granted the federal government significant powers, and he consistently supported rulings that upheld federal authority.
Some notable examples of his support for federal power and national supremacy include:
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Marshall wrote the majority opinion, which established the principle of implied powers, allowing Congress to exercise powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution. This ruling expanded federal authority and limited state power.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Marshall's majority opinion in this case established the federal government's authority to regulate interstate commerce, further solidifying federal power.
Cohens v. Virginia (1821): In this case, Marshall asserted the Supreme Court's authority to review state court decisions, reinforcing the principle of federal judicial review.
Property Rights and Contractual Obligations
Justice Marshall also supported rulings that protected property rights and contractual obligations. He believed that the Constitution and federal laws should safeguard individual property rights and ensure that contracts are enforced.
Some notable examples of his support for property rights and contractual obligations include:
Fletcher v. Peck (1810): Marshall's majority opinion in this case established the principle that state laws cannot impair contractual obligations, protecting property rights and contractual agreements.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): Marshall's majority opinion in this case upheld the sanctity of contracts and protected the property rights of Dartmouth College, a private institution.
Judicial Review and the Role of the Judiciary
Justice Marshall was a strong advocate for the principle of judicial review, which allows the judiciary to declare laws and government actions unconstitutional. He believed that the judiciary played a crucial role in ensuring that the Constitution is upheld and that the other branches of government do not overstep their authority.
Some notable examples of his support for judicial review and the role of the judiciary include:
Marbury v. Madison (1803): Marshall's majority opinion in this landmark case established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws and government actions unconstitutional.
Osborn v. Bank of the United States (1824): Marshall's majority opinion in this case reinforced the principle of judicial review and the Supreme Court's authority to review state court decisions.
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