Neurons have essential parts like dendrites, axon, and axon terminals, with each part serving a distinct function. The electrochemical process changes the resting potential into an action potential. Neurotransmitters can either excite or inhibit action potentials.
A neuron is composed of dendrites, a cell body or soma, an axon, and axon terminals. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the cell body processes information, the axon transmits electrical impulses, and axon terminals release neurotransmitters.
Resting potential is maintained by the unequal distribution of ions across the neuron's membrane. It changes to an action potential when a stimulus causes the cell membrane to depolarize and reach a threshold, allowing sodium ions to rush in.
Neurotransmitters can excite or inhibit action potentials by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Excitatory neurotransmitters make it more likely for an action potential to occur, while inhibitory neurotransmitters make it less likely.
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