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Question #2: What are the four main components of Context-free grammars? Explain
each one? (2 mark)
Question #3: Write Context-free grammars describe the syntax of any expression that
has the form: G= (1 mark)
Question #4: Using the grammar you have written above, use the left side derivation to
the following string. (2 mark)
Question #5: Using the grammar you have written above, draw right and left-
associative parse trees for the following string (2 mark)
Question #6: is the grammar above Ambiguous? And why? (1/2 mark)



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

The four main components of Context-free grammars are explained, along with an example grammar for expressions with digits, left side derivation process, and the concepts of left and right-associative parse trees. The ambiguity of a grammar and its implications are also discussed.


Explanation:

Context-free grammars have four main components:

  1. Terminals: these are the basic symbols from which strings are formed.
  2. Non-terminals: these are placeholders for patterns that can be made from terminals.
  3. Production rules: these define how symbols can be rewritten.
  4. Start symbol: this designates where to begin the rewriting process.

An example of a Context-free grammar for expressions with digits separated by + or - signs is: G = (Digit)(Expression). The left side derivation involves replacing non-terminals with their corresponding production rules until only terminals remain. For parse trees, left-associative trees have nodes on the left side, while right-associative trees place nodes on the right.

The grammar described is ambiguous if the same string can be derived by different parse trees, resulting in multiple interpretations of the same expression.


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