Defamation involves false statements of fact that harm a person's reputation, with public officials needing to prove 'actual malice'.
Defamation involves making a false statement of fact that damages a person's character, fame, or reputation. In the United States, defamation only applies to false statements of fact, not opinions. Public officials and figures must show 'actual malice' or 'reckless disregard for the truth' when proving defamation in court (New York Times v. Sullivan, 1964).
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